Leithoa
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So what's a Dyson sphere?
Basically it's an array of energy collecting panels that allow for a civilization to capture energy emitted from their local star. It was theorized by the Father (freeman Dyson) of the guy who makes expensive vacuums and desk fans.
Why are we discussing a fancy solar panel?
By monitoring the light output exo-planet hunters can ID planets orbiting stars. The perturbations of this star don't match those of planets, but could be possible asteroid impact remnants, or many comets. Other speculation is that of alien megastructures.
Hard data
Here we see some of the actual output researchers used to locate the odd light patterns. In depth coverage in their paper below.
I don't think it's too likely to actually be a Dyson sphere or other megastructure, but how cool would that be...
There are natural explanations but there isn't much current data to back them up, so naturally everyone's imagination is running wild.
If this is a megastructure the civilization that made this did it ~1500 years ago. The fine people over at the SETI project have been contacted and are working out the details of aiming their array at this star. Until then we just have speculation.
ProphetTenebrae
Well done on not conflating a Dyson sphere with a Dyson shell, OP - a mistake made all too common by TNG.
theaterofdreams
A Dyson's Sphere would be like searching for a quarter under the couch and finding a suitcase full of money
alssst
I'm in imgur for stuff like this. Thanks.
Cavalrysword
Ringworld!?
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Leithoa
tl;dr we may have (but probably didn't) found evidence of an alien civilization
AnonOmis1000
EXTREMELY advanced alien civilization